Human Growth and Development StatPearls NCBI Bookshelf
Understanding the course of normal human development and recognizing potential problems early on can prevent difficulties with depression, low self-esteem, frustration, and poor achievement in school or work. The content is very relevant to the subject of Child Growth and Development. The author has included a number of relevant subjects that highlight the three domains of developmental psychology, physical, cognitive and social emotional. Topics are included that help the student see the relevancy of the theories being discussed.
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All in all, this is a comprehensive and well-written textbook that very closely follows the format of standard chronologically-organized child development textbooks. This is a fantastic alternative for those standard texts, with the added benefit of language that is more accessible, and content that is skewed toward practical applications. I appreciate the order of the topics, which are clearly described in the first chapter by each period of development. Although infancy and toddlerhood are grouped into one period of development, development is appropriately described for both infants and toddlers. Key theories are discussed for infants and toddlers and clearly presented for the appropriate age. Also, different tissues grow at different rates at the same stage of life.
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The personality is thought to develop in response to the child’s ability to learn to manage biological urges. If the parent is either overly punitive or lax, the child may not progress to the next stage. A problem with this type of research is that it is very expensive and subjects may drop out over time. The Perry Preschool Project which began in 1962 is an example of a longitudinal study that continues to provide data on children’s development. Developmental designs are techniques used in developmental research (and other areas as well). These techniques try to examine how age, cohort, gender, and social class impact development.
- Academics and researchers have, and do, develop theories and frameworks for thinking critically about human knowledge and systems.
- Nine theories were presented which gave the reader an understanding of the many authors who have contributed to Child Development.
- This slowing-down mechanism enables a genetically large child developing in the uterus of a small mother to be delivered successfully.
Many academic disciplines contribute to the study of life span and this course is offered in some schools as psychology; in other schools it is taught under sociology or human development. This multidisciplinary course is made up of contributions from researchers in the areas of health care, anthropology, nutrition, child development, biology, gerontology, psychology, and sociology among others. We examine cognitive change, or how our ability to think and remember changes over time.
۱: Introduction to Life Span, Growth and Development
This text covers some topics with more detail than necessary (e.g., detailing infant urination) yet it lacks comprehensiveness in a few areas that may need revision. For example, the text discusses issues with vaccines and offers a 2018 vaccine schedule for infants. One of the most widespread applications of classical conditioning principles was brought to us by the psychologist, John B. Watson.
This method is much less expensive than longitudinal research but does not allow the researcher to distinguish between the impact of age and the cohort effect. Different attitudes about the use of technology, for example, might not be altered by a person’s biological age as much as their life experiences as members of a cohort. Longitudinal research involves beginning with a group of people who may be of the same age and background, and measuring them repeatedly over a long period of time.
Instead, people can also learn by listening to verbal instructions about how to perform a behavior as well as through observing either real or fictional characters displaying behaviors in books or films. In other words, both children and caregivers engage in behaviors designed to ensure proximity. Children strive to stay close and connected to their caregivers who in turn provide a safe haven and a secure base for exploration. Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that children are born with an innate need to form attachments. Such attachments aid in survival by ensuring that the child receives care and protection. Not only that but these attachments are characterized by clear behavioral and motivational patterns.
They may examine how primary reflexes emerge before birth, how fetuses respond to stimuli in the womb, and the sensations and perceptions that fetuses are capable of detecting prior to birth. Those who specialize in this field are not just concerned with the physical changes introduction of growth and development that occur as people grow; they also look at the cognitive, emotional, and social development that occurs throughout life. The principles of normative development with specific milestones help professionals spot potential problems and provide early intervention for better outcomes. Developmental psychologists can work with people of all ages to address roadblocks and support growth. However, some choose to specialize in a specific age group, such as childhood, adulthood, or old age.
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